The Bay Of Pigs Essay Example For Students

The Bay Of Pigs Essay The Bay of Pigs Invasion. The narrative of the bombed intrusion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs is one ofmismanagement, pomposity, and absence of security. The fault for thefailure of the activity falls straightforwardly in the lap of the CentralIntelligence Agency and a youthful president and his consultants. The fall outfrom the intrusion caused an ascent in strain between the two greatsuperpowers and amusingly 34 years after the occasion, the individual that theinvasion intended to topple, Fidel Castro, is still in power. To understandthe inceptions of the intrusion and its repercussions for the future it isfirst important to take a gander at the attack and its sources. We will compose a custom exposition on The Bay Of Pigs explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Part I: The Invasion and its Origins. The Bay of Pigs intrusion of April 1961, began a couple of days before onApril fifteenth with the shelling of Cuba by what had all the earmarks of being absconding Cubanair power pilots. At 6 a.m. in the first part of the day of that Saturday, three Cubanmilitary bases were shelled by B-26 planes. The runways at Camp Libertad,San Antonio de los Baos and Antonio Maceo air terminal at Santiago de Cuba werefired upon. Seven individuals were murdered at Libertad and forty-seven peoplewere executed at different locales on the island. Two of the B-26s left Cuba and traveled to Miami, clearly to surrender tothe United States. The Cuban Revolutionary Council, the administration in exile,in New York City discharged an announcement saying that the bombings in Cuba were. . . completed by Cubans inside Cuba who were in contact with thetop order of the Revolutionary Council . . . . The New York Timesreporter covering the story insinuated something being off-base with the wholesituation when he thought about how the board realized the pilots were coming ifthe pilots had just chosen to leave Cuba on Thursday after . . . asuspected disloyalty by an individual pilot had accelerated a plot to strike . . . . Whatever the case, the planes descended in Miami later that morning, onelanded at Key West Naval Air Station at 7:00 a.m. what's more, the other at MiamiInternational Airport at 8:20 a.m. The two planes were severely harmed and theirtanks were almost vacant. On the first page of The New York Times the nextday, an image of one of the B-26s was appeared alongside an image of one ofthe pilots shrouded in a baseball cap and holing up behind dim shades, hisname was retained. A feeling of connivance was even at this early stagebeginning to envelope the occasions of that week. In the early long stretches of April seventeenth the attack on the Bay of Pigs started. In the genuine shroud and blade soul of a film, the attack started at 2 a.m. with a group of frogmen going aground with requests to set up landing lights toindicate to the primary attack power the exact area of their objectives,as well as to free the zone from whatever may hinder the principle landingteams when they showed up. At 2:30 a.m. what's more, at 3:00 a.m. two brigades cameashore at Playa Girn and one regiment at Playa Larga sea shores. The troopsat Playa Girn had requests to move west, northwest, up the coast and meetwith the soldiers at Playa Larga in the sound. A little gathering ofmen were then to be sent north to the town of Jaguey Grande to make sure about it aswell. When taking a gander at a cutting edge guide of Cuba clearly the troopswould have issues in the territory that was picked for them to land at. Thearea around the Bay of Pigs is a damp bog land region which would be hardon the soldiers. The Cuban powers rushed to respond and Castro requested hisT-33 coach planes, two Sea Furies, and two B-26s into the air to quit theinvading powers. Off the coast was the order and control transport and anothervessel conveying supplies for the attacking powers. The Cuban aviation based armed forces madequick work of the gracefully dispatches, sinking the order vessel the Marsopa andthe flexibly transport the Houston, shooting them to pieces with five-inch rockets. At long last the fifth unit was lost, which was on the Houston, too asthe supplies for the arrival groups and eight other littler vessels. Withsome of the attacking powers ships wrecked, and no order and controlship, the coordinations of the activity before long separated as the different supplyships were kept under control by Castos aviation based armed forces. Similarly as with many fizzled militaryadventures, one of the issues with this one was with providing the soldiers. Noticeable all around, Castro had handily prevailed upon prevalence the attacking power. His quick moving T-33s, albeit unremarkable by todays guidelines, madeshort work of the moderate moving B-26s of the attacking power. On Tuesday, twowere shot out of the sky and by Wednesday the trespassers had lost 10 of their12 airplane. With air power immovably in charge of Castros powers, the endwas close for the attacking armed force. Over the 72 hours the attacking power of around 1500 men were beat bythe Cubans. Casto terminated 122mm. Howitzers, 22mm. gun, and tank shoot atthem. By Wednesday the intruders were pushed back to their arrival zone atPlaya Girn. Encircled by Castros drives some started to give up whileothers fled into the slopes. Altogether 114 men were executed in the slaughterwhile thirty-six passed on as detainees in Cuban cells. Others were to live outtwenty years or more in those cells as men plotting to topple thegovernment of Castro. The 1500 men of the attacking power never got an opportunity for progress fromalmost the main days in the arranging phase of the activity. OperationPluto, as it came to be known as, has its causes in the last passing on days ofthe Eisenhower organization and that dim timespan during thetransition of capacity to the recently chose president John F. Kennedy. The roots of American approach in Latin America in the late 1950s andearly 1960s has its starting points in Americans monetary interests and itsanticommunist strategies in the district. A similar man who had helped formulateAmerican regulation arrangement towards the Soviet danger, George Kennan, in1950 addressed US Chiefs of Mission in Rio de Janeiro about Latin America. He said that American approach had a few purposes in the locale,. . . to secure the imperative supplies of crude materialswhich Latin American nations fare to the USA; toprevent the military misuse of Latin America bythe foe The Soviet Union; and to turn away thepsychological activation of Latin America against us.. . . . By the 1950s exchange with Latin America represented a quarter ofAmerican fares, and 80 percent of the interest in Latin America wasalso American. The Americans had a personal stake in the area that itwould stay expert American. .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .postImageUrl , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:visited , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:active { border:0!important; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:active , .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-adornment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf4d3a1f3230f33 70215185e02ab7bed2 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf4d3a1f3230f3370215185e02ab7bed2:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Pursuit Of Happiness And The Inner Resources EssayThe Guatemalan experience can be viewed as one more of the components thatlead the American government to accept that it could deal with Casto. Beforethe Second World War finished, an upset in Guatemala saw the ascent to control ofJuan Jose Ar,valo. He was not a socialist in the customary feeling of theterm, yet he . . . pressed his legislature with Communist Party individuals andCommunist supporters. In 1951 Jacobo Arbenz succeeded Ar,valo after anelection in March of that year. The gathering had been advancing with aseries of changes, and the recently chosen pioneer proceed ed with thesereforms. During land changes a significant American organization, the United FruitCompany, lost its territory and different property with no remuneration from theGuatemalan government. At the point when the Guatemalans wouldn't go to theInternational Court of Law, United Fruit started to campaign the legislature ofthe United States to make a move. In the administration they had some verypowerful supporters. Among them were Foster Dulles, Secretary of State whohad once been their attorney, his sibling Allen the Director of CentralIntelligence who was an offer

The City of Kelsey free essay sample

They attempted to make the â€Å"perfect city† and contrasted with numerous spots and urban areas in The United States, The City of Kelsey might be as immaculate as it gets. Sadly, as great and brilliant as The City of Kelsey may sound, it is a bogus observation, for no spot is great. There have been various reports from inhabitants in the city, expressing that after a lot of precipitation that, they see a sheen over the Kelsey River. As much as the network professes to think about their territory and the individuals on it, nothing has been done to promote the examination of this â€Å"sheen. The most unnerving piece of this to me is that an enormous wellspring of the community’s drinking water originates from this waterway and despite the fact that there isn't a ton of drifting in the stream, there is a ton of angling. Imagine a scenario in which individuals are eating these fish and how might they be certain they are protected. With all the Farmer’s Markets an d network diversions that are occurring inside the city, that cash ought to be raised to test the stream waters and ensure that the individuals of Kelsey are sheltered and upbeat (Apollo Group, Inc, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 ). We will compose a custom paper test on The City of Kelsey or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Another issue that I really wanted to, contemplate is, if this town was intended to be a little and â€Å"close-knit† network, for what reason is their administration accomplishing such a great deal promoting on the web and how can it cause the individuals in that network to feel about that? On the off chance that individuals hold going to The City of Kelsey, it will before long become like each other city and it will never again be interesting. I believe this could cause loathe and savagery towards untouchables (Apollo Group, Inc, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 ). There has likewise been the ID of air poisons and their sources, including ozone harming substances and related control technologies.There has not been any test broadcasting in real time nor the contaminations that might be occupying this city, however yet they need to continue getting more individuals the city? That doesn't appear to be correct or moral to me. I feel that cash can be utilized similarly to do testing as in the water gracefully. They could likewise lease kayaks and bikes to help fund-raise (Apollo Group, Inc, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 ). In the time of 2000, there were 316 assaults in The City of Kelsey. I see this as unsuitable. Where is their law requirement? They ought to be attempting to keep the crime percentages down as much as possible.This should be possible by making city night watchers, city board gatherings, and higher staffed cops on the job during shifts. City board meeting could help unite the network, by thinking of approaches to determine the wrongdoing and other un-moral issues inside the city (Apollo Group, Inc, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 ). There is a great deal of â€Å"right† in The City of Kelsey and as I have said previously, their psyches are in the ideal spot. I simply feel that they are staying away from what could simply be little, starter issues and if these issues continue being overlooked and evaded, they are simply going to develop into bigger issues.

Islamic Religion :: essays research papers

Todays Muslims are marked as psychological oppressors or then again fudamentalist. In any case, their religion is a delicate religion. On the Arabian Penninsula, home of the Arabs, was disconnected furthermore, they had the option to build up their development without outside impacts. It is around 1 million miles square, that is situated between the Red ocean and the Persian Gulf. There are two unmistakable locales. The first has very much watered valleys among mountains and the second is dry fields also, desert. Grass develops rapidly during the showes of the stormy season. In old occasions the Arabs were bedouin (wanderers that hersed sheep, goats, and camels. furthermore, lived in tents made of felt from camel or goat hair.) They ate new or dried dates and drank milk from their groups. On exceptional events they ate mutlon. their clans were made of related families. They esteemed family ties becuase on the grounds that they guaranteed they guaranteed insurance and endurance. They had a boss (sheik). The sheik managed as long as the clan permitted him. They had a counsil of older folks. There was fighting over waterholes and fields. Their method for discipline is an eye for sn eye and a tooth for a tooth. To improve warrior aptitudes they had camel and pony. They had narrating in frount of the open air fire. They had verse about fights, desert, camels, ponies, and love. In 500 A.D. they began a town called Makkah, which was fifty miles inland of the Red ocean. Exchange was for the most part of creature producys for weopeans dates grains, flavors, gems ivory, silk, and scents. They had convoys travel there from as for china. Bedouins had and loved numerous ditied business ties were replaceing family ties, and old innate laws were definitely not adequat Byzantine and the Persin armed forces were threatining to overcome them. The clans had the some language however they had no focal goverment, or feeling of solidarity, The Arabs looked for new convictions. The prohet of Islam was muhammad. He was conceived in Makkah in 570 A. D. . He was stranded at an early age and was embraced by his uncle. He filled in as a carovan pioneer on an exchange course. He was know to be straightforward and capable. His boss khadij'a ,a weakthy window if age 40, put him responsible for this business and proposed union with him. He went to a cavern outside the city in 610 A.D. to supplicate and quick reveloution (vision) there. He was advised to present. "Recite for the sake of your master, the maker who made man from clusters of blood. Rwcite! Your ruler os the most plentiful one who by the pen has shown humankind things they didn't have a clue.

Examining the Effects that Plague the U.S. and Guam Communities - Free Essay Example

HIV and AIDS: Examining the Effects that Plague the U.S. and Guam Communities Today Introduction It is common knowledge that the human body is prone to several diseases, infections, and dysfunctions that can hinder the quality of life, so it important to treat our bodies with the utmost respect.   While not all diseases and infections can be avoided due to genetic predispositions and other factors, there remain numerous of diseases and infections that can actually be prevented in taking proper precautions during our daily routines.   One of these easily preventable infectious diseases is the human immunodeficiency virus, widely known as HIV.   Another easily preventable disease commonly associated with HIV is the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, abbreviated as AIDS.   AIDS is considerably one of the most dangerous infectious diseases that are still prevalent today.   Although these two diseases can easily be prevented, due to the lack of information about precautionary measures pertaining to sexual intercourse, sexual education in schools, and access to preventive care and treatment, HIV and AIDS continue to plague the human population on a global scale.. Human Immunodeficiency Virus According to a national newsletter released by the National Institute of Health (NIH) (2015), which is a part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, HIV is a virus that harms your immune system by invading and then destroying your infection-fighting white blood cells.   This virus infiltrates these white blood cells altering its normal functions; what was once our greatest protection against outside bacteria is now our own worst enemy.   Seemingly harmless illnesses, such as the common cold, is now just as life threatening as the flu or pneumonia.   HIV transmission is passed through the exchange of bodily fluids, such as blood and semen, from one infected person to the next.   Ninety percent of the time HIV is transferred during sexual intercourse that includes vaginal, anal, and oral.   The second most common route is injection through used needles, and lastly the transmission of the illness from mother to fetus or through blood transfusions (NIH, 2 015). The nonchalance of disregarding protection during sex and the sharing of needles during drug use are two major reasons why HIV and AIDS remains a nuisance to our society.   MedLine Plus (2015) states that, the first signs of HIV infection may be swollen glands and flu-like symptoms, that may come and go within two to four weeks. This is important to note because HIV may not present itself as evident in its host making a lot of people disregard the severity of their situation.   After this two to four week incubation period symptoms of HIV go dormant leaving the host unsuspected that they are now a carrier of the disease.   It will not be until months after does the carrier know they are infected.   This causes a vicious cycle where the infected person unknowingly may spread the disease to someone else or multiple others, which then in turn causes those who are newly infected to then transmit, HIV to another person.   The Healthy People 2020 or HP2020 (2018) website provides evidence of this cycle in stating that an estimated 1.2 million American are living with HIV, and one out of eight people are unaware of their status.   This argument is then furthered by a statistic showing that ninety-one percent of new HIV infections in the United States are transmitted from people not diagnosed or diagnosed and not in care.   The need for better informative procedures about this disease is in dire need by educators and health professionals.   HIV is broken down into four stages according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) (2014): stages zero, one, two, and three.   Stage zero is the first initial positive test six months after screening.   From there the stage level of HIV is then reevaluated and determined based on the longevity and symptoms present in the individual.   If the patient receives a diagnosis of stage three HIV, the disease has progressed to AIDS. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS was first discovered during the early 1980s and was first believed to only be associated with the homosexual male community.   This belief coined the term gay-related immune deficiency (GRID) for a couple months until further evidence suggested that not only gay men could contract the disease.   At this time the incidence of AIDS began to be reported worldwide, specifically in regions of Europe and Africa.   According to the Mayo Clinic (2015) website, the CD4 T cells, also known as your white blood cells, that were infected during the earlier stages of HIV now begin to die off, severely weakening the immune system leaving the body defenseless.   Once the individuals white blood cell count drops below two hundred they are deemed stage three of HIV or AIDS.   Again, this emphasizes the importance of education and early detection and screening about these types of diseases.   This process typically takes about ten years before HIV evolves into AIDS.   Signs and symptoms are more severe and include: recurring fever, chronic diarrhea, unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth, persistent and unexplained fatigue, weight loss, and skin rashes or bumps (Mayo Clinic, 2015) just to name a few.   Those who suffer from AIDS are now more susceptible to various forms of cancers and infections that would not trouble a normal person.   Some common infections that are associated with AIDS would be tuberculosis, Cryptococci meningitis, and candidiasis.   Cancers commonly affiliated with these diseases are Kaposis sarcoma and lymphoma.   These previously listed infections and cancers are among the leading causes of death in patients diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. There is a misconception that AIDS is a different virus than HIV so transmiss ion of this virus differs, but as mentioned recently AIDS is just a severer form of HIV.   Since AIDS is the last stage of HIV, transmission is virtually the same. Some are misinformed believing that these two diseases can be spread through ordinary contact like hugging, kissing, sharing drinks, or through the air.   This belief can sometimes instill fear of rejection in patients diagnosed with HIV and AIDS causing them not to disclose their own diagnosed status with current and future sexual partners.   People may even go as far as concealing their symptoms from their current physician and possible refuse to seek treatment due to embarrassment. Mission and Objectives HP2020 The HP2020 (2018) website states that its overall goal is to, prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and related illness and death. The website has also laid out three primary objectives that healthcare professionals and organizations should strive to reach.   These three primary objectives are: reducing new HIV infections, increasing HIV testing and prevent HIV risk, and increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for people living with HIV.   Under each of these primary objectives are subcategories that pertain to each objective.   There are a total of twenty-three sub goals that each provide data like tables and graphs that show the progress that has been made since the mid 2000s.   As stated before an estimated 1.2 million people are living with HIV.   Among these 1.2 million one out of eight people are unaware of their infected status.   HP2020 also reports that the annual infection rate has actually declined by 18% here in the United States from 2008 to 2014.   Despite this significant decrease in that six-year times span this disease continues to spread.   HP2020 Objective: HIV-1 One of the objectives HP2020 has set up to help with achieving their goal by the year 2020 is to reduce the number (number, all ages) of new HIV diagnoses.   The following graph accounts for the number of diagnoses from 2010 to 2015: Figure 4.   New HIV diagnoses (number, all ages) By Total Note. Graph taken from the HP2020 website displaying goal for newly HIV diagnosed patients in the U.S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2018, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/hiv According to Figure 1, the data demonstrates that there has been a steady decrease in newly diagnosed HIV patients within the U.S. from 2010 to 2015.   At the beginning of 2010 there was a baseline of 43, 806 new incidences of HIV by 2015 the number had decreased marginally to 40,040 (HP2020, 2018).   Unfortunately the goal that Healthy People set out to reach by the year 2020 is 32,855 new incidences, which at this rate seems unlikely to be fulfilled. HP2020 Objective: HIV-9 A second objective that HP2020 has set to achieve surrounding the AIDS epidemic currently plaguing the U.S. is to, reduce the proportion of persons with a diagnosis of Stage 3 HIV (AIDS) within three months of diagnosis of HIV infection (HP2020, 2018).   Figure 2 below was also taken from the HP2020 website illustrating the percentage of people who have contracted AIDS after 3 months of HIV infection: Figure 5.   Persons with a diagnosis of AIDS within 3 months of diagnosis of HIV infection (percent, 13+ years) By Total Note. Graph taken from the HP2020 website displaying goal for newly AIDS diagnosed patients in the U.S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2018, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/hiv Again a baseline is provided and a target goal for 2020 is shown.   Starting in 2008 it was estimated that 25.9% of people were reaching stage three of HIV within the first three months of their diagnosis.   Six years later this rate had steadily declined to only 23.1% in people thirteen years and older (HP 2020, 2018).   If this decline continues at this rate by 2020 the possibility of reaching this goal and even surpassing it seems very hopeful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When comparing these two subsets of data it is evident that treatment, like ART, has had more success in moving towards its goal than new incidences of HIV cases.   With that being said, efforts towards prevention still need to be revised and executed more effectively.   In order for health officials, organizations, and the community itself to improve prevention efforts it is important to understand the root cause of the problem, in this case we must ask ourselves, Why is HIV still being spread despite current health regulations and precautions?   If we are able to answer this question then our focus can shift primarily to prevention methods, which will then in turn eliminate the costs of treatment and relieve the burden of financial restrictions both on the patient and the health care industry. Health Determinants Root Causes As with any problem we must understand what is causing it in the first place.   Transmission of HIV is the problem in this case and we must determine why it is still prevalent after so many steps have been taken towards prevention.   Figure 6.   Root Cause Analysis of HIV and AIDS Transmission Note. Statistics obtained from the Healthy People 2020 website. Retrieved October 20, 2018, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/hiv The root cause analysis depicted above in Figure 6 documents three main causes behind the reason why transmission of HIV is still a problem today despite statistical evidence showing a decrease over recent years.   Fear of Judgment and Failure of Adherence The first two causes state that fear of being judged by health practioneers and friends and family about ones sexual endeavours can make them refrain from seeking screening or treatment and those that do some of them suffer from substance abuse and other personal daily obligations that hinder adhereance to treatment.   Disclosing personal information like sexual acitivity can be very hard for most people especially those who are underage fearing their parents may find out.   Reputations are important to many and being open about matters like an HIV infected status or having mutlple sexual partners can be scary as it may write them off as dirty, untouchable, or someone who likes to sleep around.   However those whoe seek treatment tend to also add to the problem of transmission.   In a study titled, Factors Affecting Adherence to Antiretorviral Therapy, done by Margaret Chesney (2000) from the Univeristy of   California San Franciscos School of Medicine, she reports that non adherence to antiretorviral therapy range from 50% to 70%.   She also states that, principle factors associated with nonadhearance appear to be patient-related, the major factor included substance and alcohol abuse   (Chesney, 2000).   As with any prescription drug that needs to be taken daily, mixture of alcohol or other drugs is highly cautioned against.   Those who were undergoing ART during this study and were drug abusers tended to place their cravings before their personal health.   Putting themselves in a position to spread HIV to others.   Other patient-related nonadherences can be found in the following the table: Table 1.   Frequent causes for medication nonadherence by HIV-infected patients who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Note.   Adapted from Chesney, MA. (2000). Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30(Suppl 2), S171-S173. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/cid/article-abstract/30/Supplement_2/S171/373130 By analyzing the table above many patients reported that the obstacles in life, like work, school, and family orietnated activities proved to intefere to a point that consistently taking their medication was not manageable.   Other emotional and physical side effects also contributed to the reduction of adherance to self medication. Sexual Education in High Schools The second cause relates to the lack of sexual education or information about practicing safe sex to high school students.   As mentioned previously the data taken from the HP2020 website includes ages thirteen years and up, meaning that high school students are also at risk for contracting HIV and potentially developing AIDS.   It is common knowledge that during teenage years to early adulthood the willingness to adventure and explore ones sexuality is at its all time high.   The following table was taken from the CDCs 2017 Youth Behavioral Risk Factoe Survlliance Survey (YBRFSS): Figure 7.   Percentages taken from the HIV section of the YBRFSS from 1991-2017 of High School Students across the United States Note. Taken from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. (2017). Trends in the prevalence of sexual behaviors and hiv testing national yrbs: 19912017. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/2017_sexual_trend_yrbs.pdf According to the YBRFSS (2017) taken earlier this year, nationwide 39.5% of high school students had participated in sexual activity with someone of either sex or both during their lifetime, 9.7% had four or more sexual partners, and 28.7% of these students had had sex three months before this survey was taken.   Shockingly enough 53.8% reported that either they or their partner had used a condom during sex, which means a little less than half are engaing in unprotected sex (YBRFSS, 2017).   In another self reported survey only 9.3% of these high school student shad ever been tested for HIV.   This data is reported in the table that follows. Figure 8.   Percentages taken from the HIV section of the YBRFSS from 1991-2017 of High School Students across the United States Note. Taken from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey. (2017). Trends in the prevalence of sexual behaviors and hiv testing national yrbs: 19912017. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/trends/2017_sexual_trend_yrbs.pdf Assuming this data is accurate the adolescent youth in the U.S. are at major risk for developing HIV and other related sexually transmitted diseases. This stems from the lack of information about unsafe sex practices and lack of access to contraceptives and knowledge of how to use them.   Better practices must be implemented in the school setting in regards to informing students about various forms of STDs, as knowledge is power. Providing and arming our youth with this information is the first step both health professionals, schools, and communities can take in prevention of HIV. BRFSS HIV Data: Guam vs. United States   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When comparing self-reported screening data for HIV provided by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) about the U.S. and Guam, the results appear to be very similar. Table 2.   Percentage in the U.S. and D.C. tested for HIV (2013-2017) Note. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health: BRFSS Prevalence Trends Data Table 3.   Percentage in Guam tested for HIV (Crude Rate: 2013-2017) Note. Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Population Health: BRFSS Prevalence Trends Data As the tables above show, people in the United States and Guam were asked if they were ever tested for HIV from the years 2013 to 2017.   Table 3s data shows that although Guam was near the average percentage of the U.S., they fell below average for those who confirmed screening up until last year (BRFSS, 2017).   However, this data may be misleading, as the sample size for this year was only 857 people, which was not as large and consistent with the previous years (sample size being over 1000).   As this indicates a low response by individuals in the Guam community there might be a lack of awareness of the current situation in regards to STDs here on island.   With that being said, Guam is in no better state of prevention or screening methods and must also enact better policies and laws in the community to increase the percentage of people seeking to be screened. Action Plan Policies and Laws Identifying At-Risk Populations As with any disease it is important to identify those who are most at-risk for developing the disease itself and providing screening and treatment options during its earliest stages.   Everyone is at risk for developing these two viruses however the rates are shown to be more prevalent in those who participate more frequently in unprotected sex and with multiple partners.   These two subgroups are primarily young African American and Latino men, affiliated with the LGBTQ+ community and high school students (CDC, 2017).   Current rates also tend to be higher of course in denser populations in the United States as shown in Figure 6 below: Figure 6.   Rates of HIV Diagnoses Among Adults and Adolescents in the US by State, 2016 Note. Graph taken from the CDC.Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2016.HIV Surveillance Report2017;28. States like Georgia, Florida, Maryland (DC), Louisiana, and Nevada are known to have denser populations, thus the reason for rates of 20.0 and greater per 100,000 people of HIV diagnoses.

Thomas Jefferson and Louisiana - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 305 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Westward Expansion Essay Did you like this example? In 1803, chairman Thomas Jefferson bought this area of Louisiana from the French authorities for $ 15 million. This Louisiana acquisition extended from this River stream in the Rocky Mountains and from Canada to New York City. In Jefferson, westward expansion was the explanation to this countrys well-being: He thought the democracy depended on the individual, moral people its life. The nations westward expansion in the 1800s was aided in no small part by its vast network of rivers and lakes. When President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory from the French government, it doubled the size of the existing United States. Jefferson believed that, for the republic to survive, westward expansion was necessary to create independent, virtuous citizens as owners of small farms. He wrote that those who labor the earth are Gods chosen people and greatly encouraged westward expansion. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Thomas Jefferson and Louisiana" essay for you Create order The Westward expansion of American agriculture was founded on military conquest and the displacement of Native Americans. The Mexican War of 1846-48 also involved westward expansion, this time at the expense of Mexicans as well as Indians of The Cherokee Nation. At the time Andrew Jackson was president, there was a fast-growing population and a desire for more land. Because of this, expansion was inevitable. To the west, many native Indian tribes were settled. Andrew Jackson spent a good deal of his presidency, dealing with the removal of the Indians in western land. Throughout the 1850s, American attention was riveted on westward expansion. But no discussion of expansion, or any aspect of the nations future, could get beyond the issue of slavery. In 1858, Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln held a series of seven debates while competing for a seat in the U.S. Senate. Thousands of Americans attended the Lincoln-Douglas debates and listened raptly as the two candidates presented opposing views of slavery and its roll-on America.

Questions On Leadership And Organizational Behavior

According to well-known management consultant Drucker (n.d.) â€Å"management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.† Unfortunately, many business professionals consider management to be synonymous with leadership, but if one truly examines the behaviors and characteristics of being a manager with those of being a leader, he/she will discover that the terms are not interchangeable. Creighton University’s Leadership and Organizational Behavior course allow students to understand the differences between managing in an organization and leading an organization. This paper will examine the weekly learning that took place during the eight week course, my current views on leadership and identify my personal leadership goals. At the beginning of this course, I identified my thoughts on leadership and organizational behavior based on my professional experiences and formal education. Coming from an accounting-focused undergraduate program, I took only a foundational course in the area of management, which examined various management concepts and lacked a true focus in the area of leadership. My professional experiences have helped me identify what characteristics are necessary for a leader to truly develop and guide organizational behavior. This course has allowed me to further develop this understanding and the information gained from this course has been evolutionary for me. This evolution has progressed me in my goals listed at the beginning of the courseShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior and Leadership Quiz Questions1210 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured and routine and feels that the outcomes of the teams actions are determined by luck or chance. Employee A exhibits an external locus of control, and employee B exhibits an internal locus of control. Employee B was upset by Employee As behavior at the departments planning meeting. 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Topics include motivation and job satisfaction; decision making; group dynamics; work teams; leadership; communication; power, politics and conflict; organization culture, structure and design; impact of technology; management of work stress; organizational change andRead MoreEthical Leadership : Unethical Behavior1568 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Leadership With all the recent unethical behavior in high profile cases. Someone may ask is there such a thing as ethical leadership? Leadership behaviors have a direct impact on the effectiveness and trust of the leader, the followers, and the organization. In the recent past there have been organizations rocked by scandal and impropriety stemming from how a leader acted or did not act such as: â€Å"the alleged cover-up by Penn State University senior administrators of criminal acts perpetuated

We Are What We Eat free essay sample

The article discusses the long-term negative impact of watching television on the diet of American adults and provides advice on encouraging teenagers to eat healthy. This article is relevant to my project on proposing ways to combat obesity in Singapore as it highlights an important but possibly neglected causal factor for unhealthy eating habits – TV-watching. As young Singaporeans are exposed to television shows and media sources just as American teenagers are, findings on their negative influence should be seriously considered for my project. As the article was published recently on Jan 30 2009, the information is up-to-date. The author uses interview excerpts from professionals – Frederick J. Zimmerman from the Child Health Institute and Kimberly M. Thompson from the Harvard School of Public Health. Both institutes are highly reputable and influential in American health matters. Thus, they have the responsibility of presenting accurate information to the public. In the article, Zimmerman states that heavy TV viewing, especially of food advertising makes a difference to children’s diets. We will write a custom essay sample on We Are What We Eat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I agree, as advertisements have the cumulative effect of portraying unhealthy food as desirable and this undermines efforts to encourage a healthy lifestyle. This potentially explains the result in a recent study by a Canadian medical publication where physical fitness programmes in schools do not appear to combat obesity . Such advertising promotes food that goes against recommended dietary requirements and in the case of Singapore, the negative trend presents an obstacle to the success of Health Education, Trim and Fit and other comprehensive wellness programmes in school. Furthermore, a report from UK’s Sustain, an alliance of campaigners for better food and farming, suggests that up to 90% of food advertisements shown during children’s commercial TV programming are products high in fat, sugar or salt. It is apparent that junk food advertisements are largely targeted at children . Thus for my group to propose an effective public education campaign or strategic school programme, there is a need to be aware of the types and frequency of such advertisements on TV channels in Singapore. The article focused on the negative impact of television food advertising on eating habits. It states that when the young spend long hours watching television without parental guidance, they would be enticed to eat unhealthily but neglected to mention the catalysts or other reasons for people specifically being attracted to junk or fast food. One reason is that modern life is extremely fast-paced as revealed by the rising number of working hours from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) . As a result, many people do not have time to enjoy a proper meal. I believe factors such as the expectation for quick service and demand for calorie-laden snacks to combat stress or reward the self for a hard day’s work contribute to unhealthy eating habits. My group thus proposes to introduce healthy easy-to-prepare recipes to prevent time wastage in preparing food for the family. The article highlights the role of parents in watching their children’s diets My group agrees that parents play an important role and as many Singaporean parents are busy, our proposal to teach easy-to-prepare recipes to families will be useful, for both working adults and children.

Rubber Band Investigation Essay Example

Rubber Band Investigation Paper I am going to investigate the extension of a rubber band, which I will submit to increasing Newtons of force being applied in the form of 1N weights.PlanI will set the experiment up as follows:The rubber band will be attached to a retort stand, I will measure the starting size of the rubber band and then I will measure it three separate times adding 1N of force each time.I will continue this process until 10Ns where I shall stop, to avoid Hookes law coming into place.To make it a fair test we are repeating each level of force added 3 times, swapping the weights in between each measurement.We will take an average by adding the 3 results together and then dividing by the total amount of results. If any results which are anomalous or out of place occur I will retake these results to make a more accurate overall result.We aim discover a steady increase in the extension of the rubber band, as increasing amounts of force are applied.A key factor that needs to be controlled is how much the rubber band has been stretched from one set of 1-10 Newtons results to the next. Hopefully this will not be a problem because the rubber band will not reach its limit of elasticiticty until after 10 Newtons of force being applied.Extra InformationThe Law of elasticity discovered by the English scientist Robert Hooke in 1660, which states that, for relatively small deformations of an object, the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Under these conditions the object returns to its original shape and size upon removal of the load.Elastic behavior of solids according to Hookes law can be explained by the fact that small displacements of their constituent molecules, atoms, or ions from normal positions is also proportional to the force that causes the displacement.The deforming force may be applied to a solid by stretching, compressing, squeezing, bending, or twisting. So a rubber band exhibits elastic behavior according to Hook es law because the small increase in its length when stretched by an applied force doubles each time the force is doubled.Mathematically Hookes law states that the applied force F equals a constant k times the displacement or change in length x, or F = kx. The value of k depends not only on the kind of elastic material under consideration but also on its dimensions and shape.At relatively large values of applied force, the deformation of the elastic material is often larger than expected on the basis of Hookes law, even though the material remains elastic and returns to its original shape and size after removal of the force. Hookes law describes the elastic properties of materials only in the range in which the force and displacement are proportional. Sometimes Hookes law is formulated as F = -kx. In this expression F no longer means the applied force but rather the equal and oppositely directed restoring force that causes elastic materials to return to their original dimensions.No strict safety precautions need to be used only obvious light precautions are necessary, as the only potential danger would be if the rubber band snapped, however this will not happen if there is no more than the maximum load on the spring of 10N at any one time.This will also remove the problem of the stand on which the experiment is taking place from falling over.1. At this point the limit of proportionality has been reached this is where Hookes law is no longer accurate.2. This point is the rubber bands elastic limit if the force is removed from the bandit will no longer return to its original shape.Safety precautions* Be sure to keep your feet out of the area in which the masses will fall if the rubber band breaks!* Be sure to clamp the ring stand to the lab table, so that the mass does not pull it off the table.* You need to hang enough mass to the end of the spring to get a measurable stretch, but too much force will permanently damage the band.** Hookes Law says that the stret ch of a spring is directly proportional to the applied force. say Stress is In symbols, F = kx, where F is the force, x is the stretch, and k is a constant of proportionality. If Hookes Law is correct, then, the graph of force versus stretch will be a straight line.I will start with the zero end of the ruler even with the bottom of the rubber band when the spring scale is hanging on the rubber band. This will allow the change in length of the rubber band to be easily determined.Apparatus I will use:1 retort stand3 rubber bands10*1 Newton weightsRulerMy input variable is force in Newtons applied and my output variable is extension of rubber band.PredictionI predict that after 10 N of force has been applied to the rubber band it will reach its elastic limit and then it will start to follow Hookes law, where the amount the rubber band is stretched out of shape past its original size.I also predict that the greater the weight applied to the band, the further the band will stretch. This is because extension is proportional to load and so if load increases so does extension and so stretching distance.I also predict that the results will produce a straight-line graph and if I were to continue the experiment to further study the elastic limit I predict the graph would flatten out after 11 Newtons were the rubber band would be stretched out of shape, or Hookes law would come into play.Extension = New length Original lengthto see if my prediction is correct I will experiment, and obtain results using Hookes Law. He found that extension is proportional to the downward force acting on the rubber band.Hookes LawF=kxF = Force in Newtonk= Rubber band constant proportionalityx = Extension in CMMethod1. I set up the retort stand as shown in diagram 1 I put my blazer on the floor to protect the tiles in the case of the rubber band reaching its elastic limit and snapping.2. I also fastened the retort stand to the table with a clamp instead of my original plan of just weighing t he stand down with my textbooks!3. I measured the starting length of the elastic band and then hung the band form the claw of the retort stand , I then added increasing amounts of force by adding extra weights.4. I then measured the increase or extension of the rubber band from its original size.5. I then removed the weights and put them back on and then recorded the results to further times to get and average and a more accurate set of results.6. I then repeated this procedure for 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 Newtons of force and measured the extension of the rubber band.7. I then decided to try to further investigate Hookes law by actually going past 10 Newtons of force to find the elastic limit of the rubber band, (when the rubber band snaps!)8. I then averaged out all my results and produce a graph, were I could see a line of best fit and prove my prediction was right.ConclusionAfter doing this investigation I was very happy with how it went, the practical was performed efficiently an d we even had time to add and experiment to test the rubber bands elastic limit.I proved the hypothesis to be correct and I also proved my prediction was an accurate prediction of what happened.I learnt a lot about Hookes law and elastic limits as a result of this investigation and I feel it was a worthwhile investigation in helping me to understand about elastic limits.By analysing my results I have proved my predication right that there will be an increase in the length of the rubber band as you increase the amounts of weights added.I was also completely correct that the rubber band would have limit of elasticity at about 10N of force where it will be permanently out of shape this increase in rubber band size did occur as predicted.The thing that Surprised me about my final results was the fact that the bands did not snap until 13.5Newtons of force were applied, I predicted the limit of the bands to be in the region of 10-12Newtons of force, not 13.5.To analyse these results with my scientific knowledge I would have to say the increase in length of rubber band is directly proportional to the increase in force applied so stretching distance also increases.We did alter are plan slightly because we had extra time at the end we tested the limit of elasticity to try to prove or disprove Hookes law.By analyzing my graphs with my scientific knowledge I can work out that the more force applied to the band, the greater the extension, that is why both my graph get gradually taller instead of ascending if you wanted to produce an ascending graph you could start off with 10 Newtons of force applied and keep taking more weights off to lower the extension.From my double rubber band experiment you can clearly see there is less extension throughout because with two bands they can share the force applied thus with two bands there is a higher elastic limit then with just one rubber abnd.Overall I am pleased with the outcome of this Investigation I believe that I have proved H ookes law to be correct and that after the limit of elasticity the rubber band is permanently put out of shape.

Mayahuel - The Aztec Goddess of Maguey

Mayahuel - The Aztec Goddess of Maguey Mayahuel was the Aztec goddess of maguey or agave (Agave americana), a cactus plant native to Mexico, and the goddess of pulque, an alcoholic drink made from agave juices. She is one of several goddesses who protect and support fertility in its different guises.   Key Takeaways: Mayahuel Alternate Names: NoneEquivalents: 11 Serpent (post-classic Mixtec)Epithets: The Woman of 400 BreastsCulture/Country: Aztec, Post-classic MexicoPrimary Sources: Bernadino Sahagun, Diego Duran, several codices, especially the Codex MagliabechianoRealms and Powers: Maguey, pulque, drunkenness, fertility, revitalizationFamily: The Tzitzimime (powerful destructive celestial beings who embodied creative powers), Teteoinan (Mother of the Gods), Toci (Our Grandmother) and the  Centzon Totochtin (400 Rabbits, Mayahuels children) Mayahuel in Aztec Mythology   Mayahuel was one of several Aztec gods and goddesses of fertility, each of whom had specific roles. She was the goddess of maguey, and patron of the 13-day festival (trecena) in the Aztec calendar that starts with 1 Malinalli (grass), a time of excesses and a lack of moderation.   Mayahuel was known as â€Å"the woman of the 400 breasts,† probably a reference to the many sprouts and leaves of maguey and the milky juice produced by the plant and transformed into pulque. The goddess is often depicted with full breasts or breastfeeding, or with many breasts to feed her many children, the Centzon Totochtin or â€Å"the 400 rabbits,† who were the gods associated with the effects of excessive drinking.   Appearance and Reputation In the existing Aztec codices, Mayahuel is depicted as a young woman with multiple breasts, emerging from a maguey plant, holding cups with foaming pulque. In the Codex Borbonicus, she wears blue clothing (the color of fertility), and a headdress of spindles and unspun maguey fiber (ixtle). The spindles symbolize the transformation or revitalization of disorder into order.   The Bilimek Pulque Vessel is a piece of carved dark green phyllite completely covered in complex iconographic signs, and in the collections of the Welt Museum in Vienna, Austria. Made in the early 1500s, the jar has a large head projecting out from the side of the vase that has been interpreted as the day sign Malinalli 1, the first day of Mayahuels festival. On the reverse side, Mayahuel is illustrated as decapitated with two streams of aquamiel squirting out from her breasts and into a pulque pot below.   Other associated images include a stele from the great classic period pyramid of Teotihuacan dated between 500–900 CE which shows scenes from a wedding with guests drinking pulque. A rock painting at the postclassic Aztec site of Ixtapantongo illustrates Mayahuel rising from a maguey plant, holding a gourd in either hand. Her head is crowned with the head of a bird and a feathered head-dress. In front of her is a pulque god and Pantecal, the father of her 400 children.   The Myth of the Invention of Pulque According to the Aztec myth, the god Quezalcoatl decided to provide humans with a special drink to celebrate and feast and gave them pulque. He sent Mayahuel, goddess of maguey, to the earth and then coupled with her. To avoid the rage of her grandmother and her other ferocious relatives the goddesses Tzitzimime, Quetzalcoatl and Mayahuel transformed themselves into a tree, but they were found out and Mayahuel was killed. Quetzalcoatl collected the bones of the goddess and buried them, and in that place grew the first plant of maguey. For this reason, it was thought that the sweet sap, the aguamiel, collected from the plant was the blood of the goddess. A different version of the myth tells that Mayahuel was a mortal woman who discovered how to collect aquamiel (the liquid), and her husband Pantecalt discovered how to make pulque. Sources Garnett, W. The Paintings at Tetitla, Atetelco and Ixtapantongo. Artes de Mà ©xico 3 (1954): 78–80. Print.Kroger, Joseph and Patrizia Granziera. Aztec Goddesses and Christian Madonnas: Images of the Divine Feminine in Mexico. Ashgate Publishing, 2012.Milbrath, Susan. Decapitated Lunar Goddesses in Aztec Art, Myth, and Ritual. Ancient Mesoamerica 8.2 (1997): 185–206. Print.Miller, Mary, and Karl Taube. The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames Hudson, 1993.Taube, Karl. Las Origines del Pulque. Arqueologia Mexicana 7 (1996) :71. The Bilimek Pulque Vessel: Starlore, Calendrics, and Cosmology of Late Postclassic Central Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 4.1 (1993): 1–15.

Boeing Aircraft Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Boeing Aircraft Company - Case Study Example This American aircraft company is also respected for reportedly holding the most diverse, inventive and skilled workforce in the world (Boeing, 2013). The specific areas of competition that Boeing currently witnesses can be identified on the grounds of managerial economics, unique and valued added business strategy applications and managing the various external forces efficiently. In this regard, influence of changing customer behavior and competitive barriers raised by its chief contemporaries (including Airbus SAS) shall be noteworthy (Taylor & Tillmanns, 2002). Competitive Strategies applied by Boeing and Airbus Boeing has been successful in capturing a large proportion of the current aircraft market and subsequently, acquiring a significant position in the service industry. In the current scenario, Boeing exercises around 54% share of the aircraft market while its total commercial department amounted to $30.1 billion as on the year 2001. Notably, the invention of 747 Jumbo Jet in 1966 by Boeing brought about a revolution in the world of air travel. Correspondingly, Boeing had approached the aircraft market through a unique innovation of the large sized point to point aircrafts. Recently, it has developed a Wi-Fi inside the plane which will create an ease for the passengers in accessing internet during their journey in air (Taylor & Tillmanns, 2002). As apparent from the discussion, one of the approaches considered with principal significance by Boeing when entering the aircraft marketplace is continuous innovation. A chief competitor of Boeing, as was mentioned above, is Airbus SAS. Airbus was founded in the year 1970 as a result of association in the European aerospace industry. Later it was amalgamated into a single company by the year 2001. As on 2001, it captured 46% share of the global aircraft market being second to Boeing. Historically, the company was established by the European countries with an intention to compete with the larger American aircraf t companies and earn a good subsidiary form the European governments. It has a wide range of product line such as the Twin Aisle A340 and the Single Aisle A320. It is in this regard that working in a common market and above all, because Airbus was designed with an intention to compete with the American airline industry players, it tends to be a major rival to Boeing (Taylor & Tillmanns, 2002). Similarity and Differences between Boeing and Airbus Boeing and Airbuses, being the major competitors to each other, possess certain similarities as well as differences in various strategic aspects. On the basis of the notions related to managerial economics, both the companies can be observed to operate with a similar approach of customer service oriented management. Both the companies have therefore been designing the aircrafts keeping in mind the comfort of the customers and their growing needs of convenience as well as security. The aim of both the aircrafts has thus been centered to earn profits along with sustainability by rendering quality services in addressing almost every minute requirement of their targeted customers. Both of these are involved in the creation of additional benefits to the customers by developing newer and innovative aircrafts on a

Teamwork Skills and Critical Appraisal of Presentation Essay

Teamwork Skills and Critical Appraisal of Presentation - Essay Example We were amazed at the idea of this educational charity project, which transformed a clay mine into a garden where students and non-students alike can learn more about the environment. The gardens for instance, consisted of various plants that are found in various parts of the world, and are usually grown in different climates, but could still survive under England’s climate conditions. At the same time, the people behind the project also made sure that the experience was enjoyable, by incorporating culture, music and theatre arts in their education programme. Indeed, the Eden project is in itself, an excellent mix of science, technology, the arts, culture, horticulture and architecture. We found it particularly inspiring how the project also aims to reach out to various members of society- such as prisoners from the prisons in the South Western part of the country, wherein these prisoners are taught skills such as planting fruits and vegetables, marketing, sales, distribution and even construction and maintenance, so they can continue to develop and improve their abilities, and create employment opportunities for themselves in the future. The following pages of this report shall discuss what my team did during the whole trip, and the skills that we found to be useful in accomplishing our tasks. The Belbin Teamwork Framework Belbin (1983) established his teamwork framework in 1981, and since then, his framework is one of the most popular when it comes to developing and assessing team development. When it comes to achieving optimum performance for any organisation, Belbin believes that one of the first things to consider would be the composition of the team itself. In other words, it is crucial to take into account the roles that different members of the team play, and how each member interacts with the other members of the team. In an organisation, or a team, Belbin believes that there should be individuals who take on one of nine roles, or at least some of his nine roles. These nine roles are: 1) the shaper, 2) the implementer, 3) the completer-finisher, 4) the coordinator, 5) the team worker, 6) the resource investigator, 7) the plant, 8) the monitor-evaluator and 9) the specialist. All these roles are also supported by corresponding individual characteristics. For instance, the ‘shaper’ is one who is focused on the task, is highly motivated and is determined to achieve goals. His role is ‘shaping’ the other members of the team to fulfil this purpose. The ‘coordinator,’ on the other hand, is more interactive with the other members of the team. He/she is the one most likely to trust that the other members of the team can and will carry out their respective tasks. For the most part, coordinators are optimists, who are tolerant of the mistakes of others. At the same time, he/she may also be strict with rules. The ‘resource investigator’ is the one who is constantly on the lookout fo r information and thus may never be able to be found in one place. He/she may have the characteristics of a negotiator, and he/she is the one who actively takes on the task of exploring opportunities and meeting new people. The resource investigator is also likely to be the curious one of the team- always asking questions from others and adopting and modifying other ideas picked up from other individuals. The ‘implementer’ on the other hand, is characterised as a practical individual, who trusts easily and is respectful of traditions. They are more realistic and may also be conservative. They may not take too well to changes within the organisation. The ‘

Cultural Context Essay Example for Free

Cultural Context Essay Even though construction is usually considered as originally the activity of men and machines in digging, moving, shaping, erecting, and so forth, the relative use of building materials by the construction industry far exceeds its share in the gross domestic product. Specifically is construction of great significance for that special class of materials sometimes called as the â€Å"physical-structure† materials, which made major things of human civilization. Out of these â€Å"physical-structure† materials the more or less long-lasting and reliably shaped are wood and concrete. They are basic building materials for thin-shell roof construction, walls, tanks, large-diameter pipes, runways, highway bridges and many other structures. Main Body Concrete is related to the most significant building technologies in twentieth and the early twenty first century. However, other important building materials, such as wood, also figure in the construction picture. The poured method of concrete building has been so improved that buildings of this material are now erected as rapidly as a wood structure. Engineering departments all over the world are now prepared to assist engineers, architects and builders to apply concrete and wood to their construction work. Increasingly in the beginning of the twentieth century, when builders were asked how they should build the foundation possessing good physical strength, their answer was concrete. Either by placing the steel frame upon concrete foundations or by placing it upon a more spacious concrete raft foundation, architectural constructors in most cases complement steel with concrete as a problem-solving building material. By reinforcing concrete with steel rods, or by using steel machinery to form concrete blocks as prefabricated building blocks, builders further diversified their architectural techniques. The most approved composition of concrete for general construction consists of a mixture of broken limestone, granite or clean screened mixture of rock fragments, clean coarse sand and cement, in such proportions that the voids between the stone are completely filled by the sand and the voids in the sand completely filled with cement, with a slight excess of cement to guarantee a perfect connection with the stone. To create top-quality concrete, manufacturers need equally high-grade cement. By 1900 approximately three-quarters of that material was Portland cement, named after the tiny island of Portland in the U. K. where a desirable limestone used in its manufacture was descovered. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, from Leeds, was the first to provide the world with Portland cement, but after 1872 the material was produced in the United States and its popularity spread rapidly (Collins, 1998). At the 1876 Philadelphia Exhibition, American Portland cement was displayed to the public as a useful and practical building material, but production only began in earnest in 1880 and domestic cement only began to overtake European imports in 1897, by which time American machinery for crushing aggregate and making concrete had also begun to substitute European machines, even in Europe itself (American Exporter, 1906, 58 (3), pp. 79-87). Wood structures can be constructed more quickly and inexpensively than other kinds. Wood still is used for finish flooring in the living areas of about four out of five homes, although plastic tiles and other materials are gaining ground. Flooring generally involves both the visible flooring and a subflooring. Most frame houses utilize boards for subflooring, but plywood is gaining ground. In buildings which use concrete beams, concrete flooring slabs are generally poured right along with the beams. Steel structures may be floored with poured concrete or with precast concrete or gypsum slabs. Roofs of houses, which have a timber framework and cladding, are likely to have as the foundation wooden board, plywood, or composition planking. However, the current general tendency in home building toward flat, or low-pitched, roofs has led to a partial shift from tile, wood, and asbestos tiles to concrete materials and poured concrete. Because of its important role in residential buildings, wood does only slightly less well than concrete. Although its relative cost has increased with time, it is still the most popular building material all over the world. The open-grained wood of any of numerous coniferous trees, such as pine and cedar, as distinguished from that of a dicotyledonous tree, enters the English home as framing, siding, shingles, finishing panels, sash, millwork, and boarding, used to cover the wall studding or roof joists of a timber frame; the wood of any of numerous broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees, such as oak, beech, ash, etc. principally as flooring, material used for making panels, and trim. In non-residential buildings, wood is put to practice as the most widely used building material for concrete formwork, railroad ties, telephone poles, railings, fences, and many other purposes (BLAIRSLTD). The chief advantages of wood in construction industry include its ease of production and of process by which wood is packaged and transported, its low thermal conductivity, and its strength-to-weight ratio (which is greater than that of cast iron and is identical to that of the stronger concretes) (Rowell 9). Yet, because of its peculiar weaknesses as an organic material, such as vulnerability to fungi and various insects, its relative lack of versatility in terms of design, and its long-term rise in price in comparison with concrete, the relative role of wood as a building material may to some degree decrease in the future, and further replacement may be projected. If considered as a structural material in large building construction, wood has already been largely replaced by concrete framing, brick or concrete walls, and concrete floors. This trend will probably continue in the future. On the other part, wood framing probably will retain its dominating position in the residential building, although giving way a bit to steel, concrete, perhaps aluminium, and sandwich panel method of building. The advantages of metal roof frameworks are gradually reducing the amount of wood required for roof structures. Moreover, for exterior trimming wood is being increasingly substituted by brick exterior and by panels of such building materials as asbestos, metal, and organic materials with a polymeric structure. Dry wall building and the utilisation of gypsum plasterboard and of metal lath are also considerably lessening the need for wood. The most important role for wood is probably in finished flooring, but there are modern trends toward replacement of composition and various types of synthetic materials even in living areas. Wood, like steel, is yielding to aluminum as the leading building material for window frames, door frames, doorways, trim, and other such purposes. In concrete building the formwork is tending change from wood to steel and plywood and also to plastics. Growing popularity of plywood and of laminated structural members may slow down the trend away from wood. Laminated wood arches, structural frameworks of wood, and roof systems have proved appropriate for spanning distances up to 120 feet, and, because of their attractive and pleasant appearance, are today in frequent use in the building of churches and temples, buildings for public gatherings or meetings, shopping areas, and the similar places. Plywood, which to some degree possesses more physical strength than lumber, may replace lumber in almost any of its uses; it is already extensively used in subflooring, boarding, interior panelling, concrete forms, and so forth. Thus, it may be expected to grow in total use at almost twice the rate predicted for lumber. Use of concrete in building is constantly increasing today. It is a changeable mixture of portland cement, fine aggregates (almost always sand), and coarse aggregates (crushed stone, gravel, cinder, slag, or whatever else is available within a particular area). The proportions of these ingredients are influenced by the particular use to which the concrete is to be intended, but they are at most times 1:2:4. As can be seen, cement is the minor component in this mixture. The fact that concrete is the most extensively used building material can be explained by its advantages related to wood among which are versatility, its high breaking strength relative to bricks and other kinds of masonry materials, the low price which makes it comparatively inexpensive material relative to structural steel, and in essence the presence of concrete components almost in all areas (Classic Encyclopaedia). The main uses of concrete in England are in dams, water tanks, pipes and sewers, heavy walls, piers, caissons, columns, and road and sidewalk pavements. In addition, concrete is utilised in the form of units cast in a particular form before being used in building, such as concrete blocks and cast stone, whose principal advantage over wood, brick, and structural tile is that they are costing relatively little. Because of the low flexural strength of concrete, it is combined with steel in most of its construction applications (Classic Encyclopaedia). This combination is made possible by the match of coefficients of thermal expansion of these materials. The amount of reinforcing steel rods, wire, wire-mesh, and so forth needed for a concrete structure is only one-third to one-half the amount needed for a similar completely steel structure. In England, the possibilities of this technique of construction are just beginning to extend its use beyond massive complex constructions. The chief disadvantages of reinforced concrete (also known as ferroconcrete or armoured concrete) in comparison with structural steel are the time and costs of construction, even if one takes account of the applying paints to the surface of steel members and their trimming. It is costly to build and remove forms, shores, and temporary metal or wooden frameworks. Most of the developments, which been made not long ago, in methods of concrete building are somehow related to reducing expense on forms, First, as an alternative to the traditional lumber and plywood, steel and more recently, plastic with fibrous matter to confer additional strength forms have been experimented. Plastics are especially showing great promise, in view of the fact that they are smooth and easily utilised, able to keep water, may be given extraordinary shapes, and may be use again and again from fifteen to twenty times. Second, â€Å"slip-form† pavers have been successfully employed in laying road pavements (Green 1-2). Third, precasting of concrete members has been used as a mass production technique and to provide solid and robust in construction, more unchanging in form concrete, but presents some transportation problems. Fourthly, so-called tilt-up construction and lift-slab construction has permitted walls, floors, and columns to be poured on a horizontal surface and then either tilted or lifted into place. Finally, able to be used more than once, adjustable length steel trusses have removed the need for the multiple strengthening which differently has to be placed under the conventional built-up forms. The faster such form-saving processes are improved and used by engineers and constructors, the faster steel concrete is likely to be used as a structural material. One more limitation of usual concrete is its low heat insulation value. That is why concrete walls are occasionally of a non-load bearing, sandwich type, being composed of a layer of insulating material cast between two concrete slabs. In this application, concrete is to a serious degree threatened by other types of curtain walls, including various types of sandwiches. Alternative way to give concrete protecting properties is to make it with relatively light weight aggregates – such as vermiculite, expanded clay, and so forth. In this form, it not any more has sufficient quality of being physically strong to be used for load bearing purposes, although it has been very well utilised in long-span roof building. Prestressed concrete has gotten great significance as a building material. The basic characteristic of prestressed concrete is that, by compressing concrete and keeping it under compression, the tensile stresses caused by loads are neutralized (CEMENT). The compression is accomplished by casting the concrete around stretched rods or cables, the tension on which is released as the concrete sets. A prestressed beam needs only one-fourth the weight of the steel and one-half the weight of concrete which is needed to support the same load by a usual reinforced concrete member. Although it was patented by a San Francisco engineer in 1886, prestressed concrete did not emerge as an accepted and effective building material until a half-century later. Since then it had been intensively used in Europe for structural purposes. Up to the present moment, prestressed concrete’s applications have been limited mostly to pipes, tanks, runways, and from time to time highway bridges. As engineers and constructors gain experience and manage to reduce the manufacturing expenses, prestressing may become competitive with steel and with reinforced concrete building. After weighing up all the factors, the trend is more toward a substitution of concrete for other building materials than of other building materials for concrete. The use of portland cement which is made by heating a slurry of clay and crushed chalk should more than double in the next decades, may presumably triple, and at its lowest is expected to become greater by at least one-third.

life :: essays research papers

In the Bible, a book meant to be the word of God, condemns such things as murder, adultery and theft. I find it hard to believe that an all-powerful, all-knowing, infinitely-good being that â€Å"created† this world and everything in it would allow any of these things to occur. He would not only condemn them in an ancient book, but abolish them altogether along with any other things evil. If God is supposed to be the â€Å"heavenly father† wouldn't he want and impose onto his children his goodness and weed out all evil? Aquinas also shows this non-existence through Objective 2 where he writes how it is expecting too much for something that can be accounted for be a few principles has been produced by many. There are other principles that can account for everything we see in our world supposing God did not exist. All things can be reduced to one principle, that of nature and therefore there is no need to suppose God's existence. Once more I agree with his rationale of this subject, for it is logical to believe in a simple, visible, measurable concept such as the principle of nature, instead of something so complex it is near in-conceivable, and not able to be seen or measured. Nature could have accounted for the gradual development of mankind and scientific theories have given us explanations for the existence of nature and proof of this gradual development. Our planet's creation has been explained as a result of â€Å"The Big Bang† and man's development from a single-cellular organism to the multi-cellular, intelligent man of today by evolution. I agree with both of Thomas Aquinas' Objectives and it is mainly because of these two arguments that I, myself do not believe in the existence of

Playtime

There's a scene where a Janitor comes out and Just tanks in place not knowing what to do because apparently the floor of the building is so clean that there's nothing else to clean. This shows us that their world or things they represent have to be perfect. By having a certain way to walk and the place being clean shows us that they have to represent professionalism. As we keep watching throughout the film we hear a baby cry but we don't see him/ her. The director tries to confuse us by showing a lady that looks like a nurse caring a baby but instead she's caring some towels.But as well shows us another lady walking her back towards us pushing something that looks like a stroller but Instead it's a baggage. This wont be the first or last time he will try to confuse us. As the film moves on, we see a bunch of tours ready to be guided to their destination. Someone goes and assists them but puts them Into two straight lines to not show sloppiness. As they're walking there way out Barbar a notices a dog barking but when she turns around to see where It's coming from the guy Is Just petting his baggage.As they get In the bus the director shows us another scene where Hullo looks new to the city. Hullo goes inside a building where he's supposed to search for someone. But within that search Hullo Is always getting lost or getting confused by a salesman. He studies the frames, chairs, and reflection of windows as If he has never seen those objects before. There are a lot of scenes where people are being framed and we as the audience are looking or hearing what the characters can't notice.For example as Hullo Is dating In a four glass room for the person he may speak to, we hear and see what's going around outside that glass room that he may not hear or see. As he searches for the guy we can see where he Is but Hullo can't. The reflection of the mirror confuses Hullo and leads him to different places loosing the guy again. There Is another sequence where construction work ers are putting up a glass but are being framed with another glass. The people from outside are watching them as If It were to be a show These parts of the film can relate to the reading of Badly Set. Selection 4. Playtime By Janitor her back towards us pushing something that looks like a stroller but instead it's a goes and assists them but puts them into two straight lines to not show sloppiness. As they're walking there way out Barbara notices a dog barking but when she turns around to see where it's coming from the guy is Just petting his baggage. As they get in the bus the director shows us another scene where Hullo looks new to the city. That search Hullo is always getting lost or getting confused by a salesman.He studies he frames, chairs, and reflection of windows as if he has never seen those objects are looking or hearing what the characters can't notice. For example as Hullo is waiting in a four glass room for the person he may speak to, we hear and see what's the guy we can see where he is but Hullo can't. The reflection of the mirror confuses Hullo and leads him to different places loosing the guy again. There is another with another glass. The people from outside are watching them as if it were to be a show These parts of the film can relate to the reading of Baddie Set. 4, selection 4.

What to Know About Presidential Appointments

Presidential appointments come in two forms: those that require the approval of the Senate and those that do not. Aside from Cabinet secretaries and Supreme Court justices, whose nominations require the approval of the Senate, the President of the United States currently has the authority to appoint people to high-level positions within the federal government unilaterally. According to the Government Accountability Office (GAO), most of these positions appointed directly by the president come with salaries of from $99,628 to about $180,000 per year and include full federal employee benefits. How Many and Where? In its report to Congress, the GAO identified 321 presidentially appointed (PA) positions governmentwide that do not require Senate confirmation. PA positions fall into one of three categories: 67% of the positions serve on federal commissions, councils, committees, boards or foundations; 29% of the positions are within the Executive Office of the President, and the remaining 4% are in other federal agencies or departments.Of those 321 PA positions, 163 were created on August 10, 2012, when President Obama signed the Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act. The act converted 163 presidential nominations, all of which had previously required Senate hearings and approval, to positions appointed directly by the president. According to the GAO, most PA positions were created between 1970 and 2000. What the PAs Do PAs appointed to commissions, councils, committees, boards, or foundations and typically serve as advisors. However, they may be assigned some degree of responsibility for evaluating or even creating the organizations policy and direction.PAs in the Executive Office of the President (EOP) often directly support the president by providing advisory and administrative assistance. They might be expected to advise the president on a wide range of areas, including foreign relations, US and international economic policy, and homeland security. Also, PAs in the EOP assist in maintaining relationships between the White House and Congress, the executive branch agencies, and state and local governments.Responsibilities of PAs serving directly in federal agencies and departments are the most diverse. They may be assigned to assist presidential appointees in positions that require Senate approval. Others may serve as US representatives to United Nations organizations. Others may be assigned leade rship roles at highly visible non-agency organizations, such as the National Cancer Institute or the National Institutes of Health.br/>In most cases, there are no specific qualifications for PA positions, and since the appointments do not come under Senate scrutiny, they are subject to being used as political favors. However, PA positions on commissions, councils, committees, boards or foundations often have legally required qualifications. How Much the PAs Make First of all, most PAs are not paid a salary. According to the GAO, 99% of all PAs—those serving as advisors to commissions, councils, committees, boards or foundations—are either not compensated at all or are paid a daily rate of $634 or less only while serving.The remaining 1% of PAs—those in the EOP and those serving in federal agencies and departments—are paid salaries ranging from $99,628 to $180,000. However, there are notable exceptions. For example, the Director of the National Cancer Institute is a PA position within the Department of Health and Human Services that receives a salary of $350,000, according to the GAO.PA positions in the EOP and the federal departments and agencies are mostly full-time jobs and have no term limits. PAs appointed to commissions, councils, committees, boards or foundations serve intermittently during terms typically lasting from 3 to 6 years. Other Types of Politically Appointed Positions Overall, there are four main categories of politically appointed positions: Presidential Appointments with Senate confirmation (PAS), Presidential Appointments without Senate confirmation (PSs), political appointees to the Senior Executive Service (SES), and Schedule C political appointees. Persons in SES and Schedule C positions are typically appointed by PAS and PA appointees, rather than the President. However, all appointments to SES and Schedule C posts must be reviewed and approved by the Executive Office of the President. As of 2012, the GAO reported a total of 3,799 politically appointed federal positions, including 321 PA positions, 1,217 PAS positions, 789 SES positions, and 1,392 Schedule C positions. Presidential Appointments with Senate confirmation (PAS) positions are the top of the federal personnel food chain, and include positions such as cabinet agency secretaries and top administrators and deputy administrators of the non-cabinet agencies. Holders of PAS positions have direct responsibility for implementing the presidents goals and policies. During  the fiscal year 2013, salaries for PAS positions ranged from $145,700 to $199,700, the current salary of cabinet secretaries. PAs, while significantly responsible for implementing White House goals and policies, often serve under PAS appointees. Senior Executive Service (SES) appointees serve in positions just below PAS appointees. According to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, they are the major link between these appointees and the rest of the Federal workforce. They operate and oversee nearly every government activity in approximately 75 Federal agencies. In the fiscal year 2013, salaries for Senior Executive Service appointees ranged from $119,554 to $179,700. Schedule C appointments are typically non-career assignments to positions ranging from regional directors of agencies to staff assistants and speech writers. Schedule C appointees are typically changed with each new incoming presidential administration, making them the category of presidential appointments most likely to be handed out as political favors. Salaries for Schedule C appointees range from $67,114 to $155,500. SES and Schedule C appointees typically serve in subordinate roles to PAS and PA appointees. At the Pleasure of the President By their very nature, presidential political appointments are not for people looking for a stable, long-term career. To be appointed in the first place, political appointees are expected to support the policies and goals of the presidents administration. As the GAO puts it, Individuals serving in political appointments generally serve at the pleasure of the appointing authority and do not have the job protections afforded to those in career-type appointments.